Category Archives: Op-eds

Al Pinkerton MP writes: The Falkland Islands – a liberal’s guide

Editor’s Note: Our new MP for Surrey Heath, Dr Al Pinkerton, was, until his election an Associate Professor of Geopolitics specialising in international borders and boundary disputes. Next Sunday, at Conference, he’ll be chairing a fringe meeting about the Falkland Islands at 11:30 am in the Regent Room at the Grand Hotel.  Speakers include  Lib Dem Peers Jeremy Purvis and Julie Smith and two members of the Falklands Islands Legislative Assembly. 

Here, Al writes about the history of the Falklands and the values we Lib Dems share with the islanders. 

Think of the Falkland Islands and you’d be forgiven if your mind turned to ideas of war, sheep, colonialism and Margaret Thatcher. Not exactly a Liberal Democrat’s idea of a good time, I know. But if you’ve had the opportunity to visit the Falklands – even if only for a few hours’ stopover on an Antarctic cruise – you will almost certainly carry with you memories of pristine wildernesses, extraordinary wildlife, and a diverse community who are proudly Falkland Islanders and resolutely wish to remain associated with the United Kingdom.

Until the recent General Election, I was an Associate Professor of Geopolitics specialising in international border and boundary disputes. One of the places I have returned to most often, and certainly one of the places that I’ve come to know best, is the Falkland Islands. Now, as a new Liberal Democrat MP, I wish to make a bold proposition: the cause of the Falkland Islands and Falkland Islanders is one rooted in the traditions of liberalism, is a cause that could and should be close to the hearts of Liberal Democrats, and is certainly one that is much too important to leave to the ownership of the Conservative Party and those with an unhealthy fascination with Margaret Thatcher.

Some quick facts. The first reported sighting of the Falkland Islands was in August 1592 by British navigator, John Davis, aboard the ship ‘Desire’. There was no human habitation of the islands until 1764, when France established a garrison, followed in 1765 by the British and, in 1770, the Spanish. The islands have been permanently inhabited and administered by the UK since 1833 and some Falkland Islands families can trace their ancestry to that moment and the years shortly thereafter. Argentina’s claim to the Falklands (or the Islas Malvinas) can be traced to 1820, when it proclaimed sovereignty over the islands as the successor state to Spain.

Whatever the relative historical merits of sovereignty claim and counter claim by Argentina and the UK, the wishes of Falkland Islanders were made clear when, in 2013, the country held a referendum on whether to remain an Overseas Territory of the UK. On a turnout of 92%, 99.8% of Falkland Islanders voted “yes”, with only three votes against.

As an accredited observer of that referendum, I saw for myself the intensity of feeling expressed by islanders in the lead up to the vote, but also the extraordinary process of administering a democratic ballot (one intensely scrutinised by the international media and election monitors) by the Falkland Islands Government across an archipelago of many hundred islands covering an area half the size of Wales. While the result was never really in much doubt, the referendum was a powerful expression of Falkland Islanders deeply cherished right to self-determine their own future and came at a time (in 2013) when the Kirchner government in Buenos Aires were pursuing their claim to the Islands with more vigour than at any point since the 1982 conflict.

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Another close shave?

So, it’s that time of year where it will be conference shortly, and once again there will be Glee Club.

This year I’m asking for a hand, because as I did back in 2015 I’m having my hair shaved off for charity.

In 2016 I came within 10 hours of losing my right foot to a horrific infection.  The team at the Nuffield Hospital in Oxford did a brilliant job and saved it with 3 operations, 36 stitches and grams (yes grams) of antibiotics.

So now I’m returning the favour, raising money for the Nuffield Hospitals Trust.  The target is £1,000, and if I hit that before Glee Club at the end of conference, I’ll get my hair shaved off on stage once again.  I’m almost halfway there already.

The link if you can donate is https://tinyurl.com/safshave

Any hairdressers reading this with a pair of shears coming to conference?  Do get in touch through the comments below!

Thanks in advance.

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Observations of an Expat: Kamala’s Foreign Policy

Foreign policy analysts are sifting through documents and speeches and even casting a few runes and studying used tea leaves to determine what foreign policy directions a Kamala White House may take.

It is still a bit murky. Constructive ambiguity, is one of the buzz soundbites of 21st century diplomacy and is heard often in the Harris camp. But outlines are appearing, especially in contrast to a Trump foreign policy.

The transactional diplomacy favoured by the former president is out. Gone – and hopefully forgotten – will be days when American support was tendered only when Washington could point to easily quantifiable successes negotiated along narrow obvious channels of self-interest. Aka transactional diplomacy.

Instead, expect a move towards consensus building and closer work with allies. This implicitly means closer relations with America’s oldest allies – NATO – who since 2016 have lived in constant dread of an American pull out. A Harris Administration would be pro-NATO which in turn means very pro-Ukraine. Perhaps more so than Biden

The Asian Pivot, however, is still very much on the cards. But it is expected to be based more on alliance-building than military ship building, specifically with Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, the Philippines and India. America cannot afford a two-front war and will need to shift some of its regional military responsibilities onto local shoulders. The Biden Administration has already started the ball rolling. Harris is expected to push it further down the road.

At the same time, a Harris Administration, will also want to continue to attract more businesses from China and the Asian tigers to American shores. Harris is opposed to the Trans Pacific Partnership and wants to continue tariffs ranging from 25% to 100% on $18 billion of Chinese exports. Trump, on the other hand, proposes a 60 percent blanket tariff on $551 billion of Chinese goods. Economists fear that a Trump Administration would push up inflation in America and create deflation in China.

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The case for restoring your railways

On September 4th The Independent ran a story on the problems that have beset the HS2 railway project to connect ‘major cities’ in England. It reported that the figure for total cost of the project, was something like 67 billion pounds, one new station at Birmingham alone costing half a billion, an extraordinary figure even if one accepts that it is spread over 15 years.

But now let’s take another figure, another one of half a billion, the Restoring your Railways Fund which for the same amount as that new station at Birmingham would help to breathe new life into several new railway lines and dozens of new stations. The Chancellor, Rachel Reeves, has decided to scrap it. She won’t save 500 million – probably something more of the order of 100 million – but this money was designed to restore several small lines that were closed during the Beeching cuts sixty years ago. Compared to the cost of HS2, the savings are minimal, and it’s hard not to think that Reeves has just done it in order to demonstrate that she’s not going to repeat the over-spending of the previous government.

These railway lines were designed to connect not major cities but small towns across the country. Yet their importance should not be under-stated. I would recommend anyone who doesn’t feel that such lines can be important to look at the website of one that because it’s nearly finished has escaped the Reeves cuts, the Northumberland Line. Look at the stories of the construction work, the extra roads, bridges and pathways built, the meetings with local communities, schools and civic associations, the enthusiasm of local businesses for the opportunities provided and the sheer excitement at what is effectively only restoring a line still used for freight to passenger use, and you get a sense of how far communities have been invigorated by a sum of money which in the case of HS2 would do no more than pay to modify the platforms to fit the height of the new trains.

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The riots were serious. Lib Dems must step up

I won’t forget the 2024 election in a hurry.

Not only were there the expected wins of PPCs I had been excitedly anticipating sitting in the House of Commons for years, but there were a steady stream of wins in places where most people, or at least me, thought our chances of victory were somewhere between pretty low and non-existent.

It was the day we finally didn’t have a Tory government anymore.

Also, at a deeper level, it was the day when what Lib Dems say or do started to matter again. How much it matters is up for debate, but when the exit poll showed us back as the third party with record gains, it was clear that what we say or do is of far greater consequence than it had been a few short weeks before.  In terms West Wing watchers will be familiar with,  it felt like we were closer to the ideal of never doubting that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens could change the world.

Since then, the biggest crisis in Britain has been the riots. I struggle to imagine anything that could be more diametrically opposed to the values of community and care that ran through the whole of our election campaign.

So how did we respond then? In summary, and I did some quick google searching to check I hadn’t missed anything obvious, our response was to appoint a government advisor and adopt the relevant APPG’s definition of Islamophobia. Now, of course the government should have an independent advisor on Islamophobia and a legal definition of Islamophobia would help public bodies in taking against it, but I doubt that anyone seriously thinks that the lack of either of these things was a significant cause of the riots.

Surely the end goal of our policy must be that riots of this sort (and any other sort) are never seen again in Britain.

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We should be setting the agenda, not following it

After such a successful national election campaign, led by a coherent leadership team, I hesitate to disagree with Mark Pack’s August Report (LibDem Voice August 20th) on ‘the New Political Landscape’. But I don’t agree that in the first year after a decisive election our party’s campaign themes should be driven primarily by what the polls tell us about public priorities and what voters want to hear. Political parties should aim to set the agenda when they can, not simply respond to existing public anxieties.

A political party has to appeal to three different audiences: to the wider public, directly on the doorstep, through leaflets and postings, and indirectly through the access we hope to gain via the respect of professionals in the media; to the small proportion of UK citizens actively interested in political issues, who we hope will be persuaded to join us and contribute actively (and financially) to our campaigns; and to the even smaller group of commentators on politics in written, broadcast and social media, who summarise and interpret partisan politics to the wider public.

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Are girls smarter than boys?

We have now seen this year’s GCSE and A level results, and they inevitably led to comparisons between girls and boys.  (Sorry – I am not linking to the Daily Mail, but you know what I mean.)

Over the last few years concerns have been expressed about the underperformance of boys. In April the Parliamentary Education Committee launched an inquiry, asking: Why do boys lag behind girls at all ages of education? This conclusion was based on the previous year’s results:

In 2022/23 the attainment gap at GCSE level between girls and boys tightened to its smallest difference for 14 years. But with 24.9% of girls achieving grade 7 or A compared with 19.1% of boys, there was still a significant variation of nearly 6%.

At A-Level and 16-18, girls do better than boys across all level-3 cohorts, however, the gender gap has decreased in comparison to previous years. This has also meant that men are less likely to progress to higher education – in 2021/22, 54% of women were in higher education by 19, compared to only 40% of men. Men are also more likely to drop out of university courses.

Research by Cambridge University backed this up, although it also showed that girls’ achievements were not carried forward into employment.

Three years ago The Guardian asked the burning question: Are girls smarter than boys?  The answers given tended to provide some nuance, suggesting that the notion of a gendered brain was false and that social factors are at play.

All this gave me a strong sense of deja-vu.  Throughout my life the achievements of girls have been downplayed or simply hidden, while any supposed underachievement of boys has been seen as a problem looking for a solution.

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SLF pre-conference dinner – A New Era for the Liberal Democrats

The Lib Dem conference starts in Brighton on the Saturday 14th September.

Not in the conference programme – because conference hasn’t started yet – is the Social Liberal Forum (SLF) pre-conference dinner on the Friday evening, 13th September. Details are on our website: Pre-conference dinner 2024 – Social Liberal Forum.

If you have decided to arrive in Brighton on the Friday so that you can attend conference when it opens on Saturday at 9am, then you might want to consider going along. But you need to book around now (the early bird rate expires on the 1st September). You can’t turn up on the day without pre-booking. Already over 50 people have booked – this is a great way to start making new friends before conference starts.

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Opposing pharmacy closures in Newcastle

Despite the lack of publicity and opportunity for discussion, toward the end of 2023 we became aware of possible closure of pharmacies in Newcastle.

First, Lloyds announced their closure of several branches including a busy one inside a large Sainsbury’s, which was popular with wheelchair users due to flat access.

Then Boots announced closure of five local branch pharmacies, affecting several neighbourhoods. I and dozens of my Ward residents would be personally affected by at least one of these closures and, as word spread about them, residents began voicing their concerns via local social media. They were not happy at being directed to other venues either a twenty-five minute walk or a bus ride away, and, even more difficult for those pushing a pram or using mobility aids.

In Kenton, the Boots pharmacy backed onto the local Health Centre, so was the first choice for residents. The nearest alternate was a mile away, dreadful news for the many elderly and disabled users. In this Ward, we fortunately had a keen young member, so decided to mount a petition and, despite the bitter winter weather, Rob stood outside collecting signatures and listening to the concerns of residents. Those of us who braved the elements to help, also stood round, gave advice and picked up casework. Soon the numbers were building up, and we opted to submit the petition to the next full Council meeting.

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Women must not speak in public

I really thought that the Afghanistan Taliban couldn’t do more harm than they have already done. But earlier this week I was shocked to the core to read their latest rulings. They have now banned women from speaking in public places. Yes, you read that correctly – women are not allowed to speak when out and about. It’s not about public speaking, which they were already banned from doing, but rather the simple act of using their voices.

It was already horrendous for our sisters in that country. They are forced to wear a burqa when out of the home – an uncomfortable thick garment that effectively renders them invisible. Most feel intimidated into having a male guardian with them when out. They are banned from secondary education and from employment. I can’t imagine what life must be like for them, especially as many of them had already been to University and taken up professional roles.

Now, according to the new laws their voices, literally, must not be heard in public.

Whenever an adult woman leaves her home out of necessity, she is obliged to conceal her voice, face, and body.

According to The Guardian:

Women’s voices are also deemed to be potential instruments of vice and so will not be allowed to be heard in public under the new restrictions. Women must also not be heard singing or reading aloud, even from inside their houses.

How on earth can women be expected to do any task outside the home – shopping, attending a medical appointment, visiting a friend – if they can’t speak? Presumably they will have to have a male guardian with them to speak for them.

The consequences of breaking these rules can be horrific, since the Taliban has now introduced flogging and stoning as punishments.

The rationale for these rules, under the twisted Taliban logic, is that women’s bodies and voices tempt men into vice. This is, of course, the ultimate form of victim blaming.

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Stronger provisions of the Online Safety Act needed according to Lib Dem tech spokesperson

With the new government’s expansion of the scope and size of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, there is a real opportunity to accelerate the digital transformation of public services.

Bringing together officials from the Government Digital Service, the Incubator for AI, and the Central Digital Data Office under one Departmental roof ensures that it will be much better equipped to enable digital transformation in key areas, including justice, education and healthcare. The appointment of Lord Vallance as Science Minister is a real coup which testifies to the willingness of the new government to use external expertise.

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We stand for the people

It’s already clear again, the old divide in Britain. Labour stands for the workers. The Tories stand for the rich. Everybody already knew that. 

They didn’t know that we stood for the people. But they felt it when they voted in their thousands to elect local Liberal Democrat councillors, and then to choose 72 Liberal Democrat MPs.

Ed Davey knew it when he went round the country in 2020 just talking to people, asking what they want. Now comes another time to prove it. 

The cost of living. It’s going up again with the energy price rise this Autumn. The NHS needs money poured into it. Local services need propping up. People on benefits need that £20 a week more than ever. The carers and the cared for, they desperately need our backing.

We should say to this new government of ours: “Don’t deprive old people of their extra heating allowance this winter. Don’t talk about getting rid of food banks but ignore our policy which can do just that.  Don’t refuse to tax the wealthiest most. Help the poorest first.”

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Mobile phones – one person’s freedom can be another person’s lack of it

Individually, we have almost all benefitted from the wonders of mobile phones – communicating with family and friends in ways only dreamt of before, booking tickets for trains or exhibitions at the last minute, being told how to get from A to B and booking GP appointments (which, yes, does digitally exclude some people too).

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Leading the way – back to hope

I’ve never liked the term “progressive parties”, lumping us together with Labour and the Greens despite some significant differences in policies and priorities. It often serves as lazy shorthand for “not Tory”, but it’s accurate in one respect – the Conservatives have spent the last few years slowly strangling any expectation of progress. Their legacy is a cost of living crisis, exponential growth in hospital waiting lists, unaffordable housing, falling living standards and the virtual abandonment of attempts to tackle the climate crisis and protect the environment.

You will have seen that the new Labour Government has recently awarded “inflation busting” pay rises to public sector workers, triggering howls of anguish from the right-wing press. In reality, these pay rises simply go some way towards restoring real terms pay and living standards to a segment of the workforce that has been squeezed by austerity and hammered by inflation, yet even the sensible financial press has framed 5.5% as a problem because it is “inflationary”. It seems the burden of tackling inflation must mostly be borne by the lower paid and the middle classes, while the new boss of Thames Water (a company on the verge of bankruptcy) is given a £2.3m pay package and bankers have seen their bonus caps abolished (which Labour has no plans to restore).

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Tom Arms’ World Review

United States

The Kamala Harris bandwagon continues to gather momentum. Going into this week’s Democratic National Convention “The Economist” poll tracker put her three points ahead nationally. The convention dividend should add another two to three points easily.

Kamala’s rapid rise, however, has less to do with her policies and more to do with vibes. Her main attributes are that she is younger than Joe Biden, pro-abortion and anti-Trump, which, for the Democrats, is more than enough.

In her 40-minute conference speech a few foreign policy hints slipped out. On the Middle East she supports Israel while sympathising and empathising with the Palestinians. On NATO she is pro-Alliance. As for Ukraine, she is anti-Putin and on China Kamala Harris remains a bit of a mystery.

Ms Harris’s recent speech in Philadelphia on Kamalanomics failed to impress the professionals. Her plans to end price gouging with federal regulations; raise child tax credits by $4,000 and hand-out $25,000 to first time home buyers, was derided by most economists as inflationary left-of-centre crowd-pleasing populism. It was not, however, as Trump claimed, communism.

Former prosecutor Kamala Harris is, however, proving adept at deflecting criticism; coming up with resonating slogans and landing punches. Two placards keep popping up at her rallies: “Freedom” and “We Will Not Go Back.”

The first encompasses a broad swathe of issues to include reproductive rights, racism, misogyny, health care, for the elderly, the electoral process, the rule of law, the constitution and democracy itself. All of which either have been, or are perceived to be, threatened by Donald Trump and his Republican acolytes.

“We Will Not Go Back” refers to the belief that Republicans want to turn the social clock back to the 1950s – perhaps even further – when Jim Crow ruled in the South and a woman’s place was in the home.

Trump is the master of the personal insult. Vice President Harris has fostered a unique method for countering them. She ignores them. Then she turns the debate on her opponent’s weaknesses. Project 2025, for instance, is a major embarrassment for the ex-president. He has repeatedly disavowed it. But Kamala Harris refuses to let it go.

Finally, there is the fact that Kamala Harris ticks almost every diversity box there is. She is a female, part-Asian, part-African all-American. Yet she rarely mentions her gender or mixed-race background. Perhaps it is time for Martin Luther King Jr’s dream. The dream that the day will come when a person will be judged not by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character.

China and the United States

China appreciates Donald Trump. It is too much they say they like him. His threatened tariffs and bellicose rhetoric would undoubtedly put a strain on Sino-American relations.

But at the same time, the ex-president has shown little inclination to defend Taiwan and Trump’s transactional diplomacy could simplify relations. Most of all, Donald J. Trump is a known quantity.

Kamala Harris, on the other hand, is an unwelcome mystery.

For a start, Beijing is unhappy with the end of the battle of the geriatrics that a Trump-Biden race represented. The Chinese have their own problems with a perceived gerontocracy and Kamala Harris presents an unflattering contrast with 71-year-old Xi Jinping. Since Ms Harris emerged as the Democratic nominee, all hints of a Biden-Xi comparison have been erased from the Chinese internet.

Then there is the problem of racism and misogyny. At least America’s problem as portrayed by the Chinese Communist Party. In May Beijing published a report on human rights in America which said racism is getting worse and gender discrimination is “rampant”. Kamala Harris – in case you missed it – is female and of mixed Asian-African heritage.

It is expected that Kamala Harris’s China policy will largely be a re-run of Joe Biden’s. She will likely leave in place the tariffs imposed by her mentor and continue the commitment to defend Taiwan and attack China’s human rights record.

The choice of Tim Walz as Harris’s running-mate adds an interesting wrinkle to Sino-American relations in a possible Harris administration. He taught in China and has visited the country dozens of times. In contrast, Ms Harris has made only the rare visit to Asia.

This indicates that Walz may break with vice-presidential tradition and have a role to play as the administration’s point man on China. Republicans are ready for it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives have already launched an investigation into Walz’s “longstanding and cosy relationship with China”.  Unfortunately for the conservatives they are unlikely to find skeleton’s in Walz’s Chinese wardrobe. His time in and out of Congress has been marked by repeated attack on Beijing’s human rights record, a fact that has not gone unnoticed by China’s state-controlled media.

Trump, on the other hand, is more concerned with trading rights than human rights. So, all things considered, Xi Jinping is likely to prefer Trump over Harris.

India

Last month Moscow. This week Kyiv. What is Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi up to?

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In defence of Britain – lessons from death

Earlier this week I lost my grandmother, and while it’s been a deeply challenging week, especially for my mother and grandfather, I’ve been struck on numerous occasions with the way in which the British state came to our aid- and made the process go as perfectly as we could have asked for. 

The healthcare she received was beyond excellent and was done with a kindness and compassion that still surprises me in its depth. My sister heads off to medical school in about three weeks, and I very much hope that that is the kind of Doctor that she turns into. 

Having worked at a GP surgery for a year, I’m cognisant of the fact that the NHS is on its knees, and I suspect won’t survive for many more years bar reform of the highest order (which our new Prime Minister has neither the will nor the political capital to deliver). But I sincerely hope that we never lose the ethos of the system; that everyone matters, and that health doesn’t come with the tap of a credit card, but instead with a beaming smile. 

We knew from about 10.00 on Wednesday that she wasn’t going to make it through the day, and from that moment to her passing at almost 18.00 the staff in the ICU did not make a single mistake. The rest of my family remains quite religious, and at no point did they falter in aiding us in the religious acts that people wanted to undertake. They provided white string and cotton wool, tracked down a hijab for my sister. I will never forget the image of a female Chaplain with a Scottish accent delivering a booklet of Islamic prayers and asking if the Chaplaincy could help find an Imam. I said to my parents at the time; in how many other countries would we get this? Multiculturalism in all its glory, and human compassion shining through.

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Observations of an Expat: Defense Cooperation – Back Door to Europe

If Britain’s Labour government is looking for it, there is a gaping door back into a new relationship with Europe – defense cooperation.

And this door has the added advantage that increased defense cooperation between Britain and its European NATO allies is becoming essential to counter growing American disillusionment with Europe.

Whether it is a MAGA-fied isolationism or a pivot to Asia, it is clear that foreign policymakers in both the Democratic and Republican parties are questioning America’s commitment to Europe.

For those on both sides of the English Channel this creates an opportunity to start to repair the damage of eight years of Conservative Party Brexiteering. It could also strengthen European defences and, ironically, help to retain the American nuclear umbrella.

Europe faced the problem of American isolationism and problems with Asia before—in the run-up to the creation NATO and within a year of its founding. When the idea of linking America to the defense of post-war Europe was first mooted, Senator Arthur Vandenberg, leader of the Republican-controlled Senate, insisted on proof that the Europeans were jointly committed to their own defense.

This was proven by British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin with a 50-year Anglo-French Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in 1947 and then a year later with an extension of the mutual defense pact to include Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Vandenberg and the Republicans were impressed, and on April 4, 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty was signed.

A year later Europe panicked when North Korea invaded South Korea. What if the Soviet Union took advantage of Korea to attack Europe? Could America afford to fight on two fronts? Which was the more important to Washington—Europe or Asia? The result was the Pleven Plan (named after French Prime Minister Renee Pleven). It proposed strengthening the European arm of NATO with a European Army headed up by a European defense minister.

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What have I learnt from my recent trip to Croatia?

It is important to switch off. It is important to take time out from our daily routines. It is also important to detach ourselves from news and leave our “social media life” behind. Holidays should be an important part of our lives.

This year, it was lovely to travel back to Croatia, my wife’s native country, where we had an opportunity to spend 2.5 weeks. It was an important time for our family, as my eldest daughter completed her 18th birthday while we were away. A huge milestone. For the first time in a very long time, I decided not to take any of my work/ Council laptops with me. I wanted to find a bit of “me” time and to look after myself, for a change. Did I manage? Not entirely as access to news and media is so easy today and some of the stuff couldn’t be simply ignored.

Speaking a few foreign languages, when you travel, makes a massive difference. The coffee tastes the same, however an opportunity for a proper “intercultural experience” is never the same. The topic of Brexit has still come up a lot. It is incredible that 8 years after the EU Referendum, people still ask about its consequences and reasons for leaving the EU, in particular in relation to the economy. It was very hard to read and watch the news about the riots. Many of our friends asked what has been the main cause of these community tensions. It is difficult to give a simple answer; blaming someone else for my problems, looking for a scapegoat or “visible targets” e.g. migrants, general misinformation, recent financial hardship, impact of social media. Our ethnic, demographic mosaic is complex and fast changing. How easy it is to jump into false (?) conclusions.

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Ed Davey should lead a ‘Cordon Sanitaire’ towards Nigel Farage and Reform

The recent rioting in England and Belfast, has seen Nigel Farage and Reform trying to use the riots for political purposes to fuel people’s prejudices regarding immigration and racial tension within local communities where tensions are already high. Farage is not responsible for the primary causes of the riot as has been suggested, but he should be condemned for using the riots for political purposes and trying to polarize and stigmatize different parts of our community. It could be that Nigel Farage, is trying to emulate Enoch Powell, as has been suggested in Jason Cowley’s Reaching for Utopia. I will leave that for others to judge whether that this is the case or not.

How should Ed Davey respond to Nigel Farage trying to use the riots for political purposes? Firstly, I want to commend Layla Moran’s performance on various media outlets, by being constructive and offering support to the Government and the Police through the difficult days of the riots, which we hope to have now passed us. Sadly, it will not bring the three young girls killed in Southport back, or the untold damage done to communities throughout England and Belfast.

However, Ed Davey should lead calls for a ‘cordon sanitaire’ around Nigel Farage and Reform. A ‘cordon sanitaire’ is the refusal of one or more political parties to cooperate with other political parties considered radical or extreme. It can be argued that Reform falls into the ‘radical right’ and other parties should not join in a Coalition with them or have an electoral pact with Reform. With our politics becoming more European, despite Labour winning a landslide, these things must be thought through.

Therefore, Ed should call on other parties to join the Liberal Democrats in a ‘cordon sanitaire’ against working with Nigel Farage and Reform. I can see Labour and the Green Party willingly prepared to join a ‘cordon sanitaire’ against Reform. The Conservatives will have a dilemma on whether to be part of a ‘cordon sanitaire’ against Reform, which I will touch on at the end, although all six leadership candidates have refused to allow Nigel Farage into the Conservative Party. I think also morally it will be correct for Ed to lead calls for a ‘cordon sanitaire’ because as Liberals, we believe in an open, cosmopolitan society.

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On Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

As the United States counts down to Election Day, all the world prepares to witness the breaking of the glass ceiling by Ms Kamala Harris.  Being female and a person of colour, she has already smashed the “imagination barrier” showing us what a Vice-President and now a Presidential Candidate looks like.  Will the American electorate be ready to install a female, Black-Asian President on 5 November?

The Republicans meanwhile have taken to questioning her credentials by calling her, somewhat disparagingly, a “DEI hire.”

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) has become short-hand for tokenism or “woke-ness”.  Referring to Ms Harris as a DEI hire suggests that she has got to where she is today because of her race and gender and not for her past achievements as a public prosecutor, Attorney General and Senator of California.   Some of us would dispute that and say she has got to where she is today despite her race and gender.

It might be helpful first to explore and analyse what DEI actually means as a policy, its rationale and how an organisation might want to adopt DEI strategies.

DEI in a nutshell

Diversity refers to having people of different background and characteristics including gender, race/ethnicity, class, LGBTI+ leanings and disability.  With different so-called “metrics” they would bring to the table different sensibilities and skills (e.g. language skills , social or cultural understanding) which may in turn lead to more diversity of ideas and perspectives.  This would in turn drive improved performance through more innovative solutions, better outreach to customers and improved financial outcomes.  There is therefore a business case for diversity.

Equity refers to fair treatment for all people with fairer outcomes.   Equity differs from equality in a subtle and important way: it does not mean that everyone is treated the same way but equity takes into consideration the person’s unique circumstances, adjusting treatment accordingly so that the end result is equal.

Inclusion refers to the degree to which organisations embrace all employees, and enable them to have a voice, feel respected and valued.  No-one should feel excluded or discriminated against so that individuals would feel psychologically safe, and able to contribute their views. The team as a whole would be able to perform more optimally together.  In this way the organisation can tap and unlock the full potential and power of the diverse workforce.

The business and moral case for adopting DEI strategies

There is both a business rationale as well as a moral imperative for introducing DEI into an organisation.   As a society should we not also be aligning our aims and goals to the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030?   E.g.:

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Vince Cable writes: Caring less for Carers

One of the political messages which did get through in the July General Election – thanks to Ed Davey – was the vital importance, but also the chronic neglect, of carers. There are an estimated 1 in 5 of the population who care, unpaid, for sick or disabled loved ones: a vast invisible army without whom society would literally fall apart. Ed was able to use his own direct experience as a carer, and that of his upbringing, to highlight some of the problems – which are growing as the population ages and as fiscal pressures grow. 

Having got the issue on the agenda, what do we say and do about it? First, we need to sweep away some of the complexity and topical red herrings like the mooted, but now abandoned, ‘cap’ on social care costs.  A key starting point is the distinction between the 1.5 million care workers who are the professional backbone of adult social care (that is, care outside the NHS) and the estimated 10 million unpaid carers who are estimated to be the equivalent of 4 million paid care workers. The care workers are usually very badly paid, have minimal career progression and often have stressful working conditions which is why 10% of vacancies are unfilled and why recruitment depends very heavily on immigration from Asia and Africa. 

The unpaid carers are more numerous and less visible. Any conscientious MP or councillor will know however of the horror stories and heroics amongst carers: bereaved or abandoned children caring for other children to stay out of care homes; parents struggling to manage children with complex needs requiring 24-hour attention; elderly couples with waning powers and strength trying to help each other to manage a home and combat loneliness;  or the daughter (usually) of a frail or disabled parent trying to manage children, part-time job and mum.  Local councils provide some domiciliary support subject to means tests and -rising- thresholds of physical need which, itself, needs – scarce – social worker assessment. Almost 80% of carers receive no support. 

Carers’ needs are not just financial or physical. Caring imposes heavy emotional demands. My limited experience caring for my late wife when terminally ill was demanding enough and I was lucky to have a supportive family and friends and reasonable finances.  My wife was brave, lucid and engaged unlike the growing numbers of elderly, dementia sufferers who tax the emotional reserves of their carers. Many carers have had to give up careers and leisure, are isolated and lonely and worried stiff about money. The most useful support is often respite: time out for exercise, shopping, meeting people. But day respite care, let alone holidays, is patchy at best.

Helping carers usually involves money- for more, high quality, professional carers to support those struggling at home; more, better funded respite centres; more generous carers’ allowances; more generous eligibility tests for support. And that means more money channelled through cash strapped local government. Eyes inevitably roll at the mention of money. But support for carers is not a financial black hole; it keeps the frail elderly out of hospital and in the community; children out of care homes and specialist institutions. It keeps families together and the elderly from expensive institutional care. 

But for those of us who don’t subscribe to the tree theory of money there are difficult choices and trade-offs to be made. That is the context of the review of public spending being undertaken by the Labour government. The care sector – and local government, which is responsible for most of it – is facing austerity piled on austerity and is in competition for funds with the courts, prisons, defence, public sector workers and much else. Clearly taxes must rise but no one expects the tax increases to be remotely adequate to meet the current pressure on public services. It is important therefore to get priorities right.

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Lib Dems should take stronger stand after reports of human rights abuses of Palestinian detainees

The scale of the atrocities in Gaza, which we are seeing daily on our TV screens, has reached levels of horror which have left most of us stunned – both by Israel’s brutality, and by the audacity with which it is defying world opinion.   The total Gaza death toll is over 40,000– with an estimated missing further 10,000 buried or blown to pieces.  Many thousands more are expected to die from malnutrition, disease or neglect in the coming months.  Sadly, each new outrage is no longer shocking, given the number of schools, hospitals, universities, churches, mosques, and water works which Israel has targeted over the last ten months.

Israeli actions have long since gone beyond any acceptable definition of ‘self-defence’ following the 7 October attacks. The ICC chief prosecutor believes there are reasonable grounds to believe Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant bear criminal responsibility for Israel’s use of starvation of civilians as a weapon of war and has made comparable claims about Hamas leaders.  The failure of the international community to react and impose consequences for this illegal conduct has led to Israel enjoying a climate of impunity far beyond what it has achieved in the past.

Months ago, the International Court of Justice said there was plausible evidence  that Israel is conducting a genocide in Gaza. The ICJ made various demands on Israel to change its behaviour, but these were largely ignored. A state with any respect for international law ought to impose sanctions on sales of arms to Israel, and the UK has a legal obligation to do this, not merely to impose a ban on future licences.  It will take time for the ICJ to determine if Israel’s bombardment of civilians does in fact constitute  genocide, but the suffering of the Palestinian people is a present day reality for millions in Gaza and the West Bank, and our duty to them cannot be parked until an indeterminate point in the distant future.

The ICJ advisory opinion on the illegality of the Occupation is also devastating; any governments facilitating the continuation of the Occupation, whether by supplying arms or by continuing to permit normal relations with those who benefit from it, are “complicit”, and therefore in breach of international law.  Lib Dems must call not just for a two-state solution but for an immediate end to that occupation, and reparations to be paid to Palestinians, as required in the ICJ opinion.

We must ensure that our Government takes firm action to avoid complicity and to show where we stand. As yet, the Labour government has delayed decisions on the arms trade, and has even failed to publish the Foreign Office legal advice which it claimed parliament had a right to see when it was in opposition. The resignation of British diplomat Mark Smith, who was involved in monitoring arms export licences, brings the new Government’s slowness to act into sharp relief. He told Radio 4’s Today programme “that the state of Israel is perpetrating war crimes in plain sight.” A fuller account was printed in Monday’s Guardian.

A very disturbing trend is highlighted in detail in the latest B’Tselem report (B’Tselem is the leading Israeli human rights organisation), which produced compelling evidence that Israel’s detention centres have become torture camps.  This was reinforced in a lengthy Channel 4 News Report on Monday this week.  It is gruesome and sickening TV to watch – some of the most unpleasant I have ever seen, so be warned.

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Mark Pack’s August report: The new political landscape

The new political landscape

We can – and should and will – continue to celebrate our general election result, and to thank everyone who contributed to it, for a good while yet. As people catch breath after those huge efforts, we also need to start to look to the future political landscape.

We have a mandate from the millions of people who voted for us, we need to work to deliver that mandate. But what difference to that task will the new political landscape make?

That is the question we need to collectively address as we develop our plans for this Parliament.

As we do so, there is an important lesson to bear in mind. It is perhaps the most salutary lesson for anyone involved in politics, particularly in a party in opposition. It comes from looking at the long-run data series from pollsters Ipsos (formerly MORI) asking people which issues are most important to them and to the country.

It is both electorally wise – and fundamentally liberal – to pay attention to what people say matters most to them. We are not paternalists who think we know what is best for others, we are liberals who believe people know best for themselves.

As the Ipsos series uses an open ended question, and so caters for changing terminology and focus over the years (e.g. from European Community to EEC to European Union to Brexit), it provides a good insight into how and when the public’s concerns change.

The salutary lesson? You can certainly see people’s concerns change as events happen, such as rising inflation driving cost of living concerns up. You can also, to a degree, see the impact that a sustained focus on a policy area by the government can make, such as – although spectacularly unsuccessfully as their landslide defeat showed – by the last Conservative government on immigration.

But for the main opposition party, let alone for a smaller one? It is very hard to spot much scope to shift the public’s agenda. Rather, the real political skill comes from leaning into that reality, instead finding the overlap between a party’s values and the public’s interests – and concentrating on that.

It is what we did so successfully in the last Parliament, focusing in particular on health and social care and on the cost of living.

It is also why we need to be open-minded, and ready to be flexible, about how that issues landscape will change during this new Parliament. How long the government’s (limited) political honeymoon will last, how the next leader of the opposition performs and how events influence what matters most to people: those will all set the landscape in which we then need to find the best route to continue to grow and win more elections.

Which means that this early in the Parliament the important strategic issues for the party are about how we deliver the mandate on which our MPs were elected, and how to keep our options beyond that open as we see the new landscape develop – and how to continue to grow our grassroots organisation so that we can make the most of the opportunities that will come.

A change of Prime Minister in Downing Street has not taken away the rationale for concentrating on NHS and social care, the cost of living and sewage in particular. Those are all challenges that still need addressing. Our MPs got elected on that platform: they both have a mandate for action on that platform – and it is important that we show voters that those are the issues we still care about.

Plus of course health, and social care in particular, are the issues that Ed Davey is closely associated with, has expertise in and were at the heart of his and our general election message.

The gains at that general election in our target seats were only the most eye-catching part of growing our grassroots strength. Alongside that we made gains on a much broader scale in local elections through the last Parliament, making net gains in fact in every round of local elections and now running more councils with a Lib Dem majority than before we went into coalition in 2010.

With a Labour government now in Westminster, and so many of our second places at general elections now first places leaving us with relatively few second placed seats, it is a new set of challenges to keep that growth going over the next five years.

But as we have shown in the last five, when we set our minds to it, we can achieve so much together.

General election review

One important post-election task for the Board is setting up a general election review. This should be a happier affair than our 2019 review, but it is still important.

Much of our success in the last Westminster Parliament came from our willingness to learn from what had and had not worked for the party in 2019, and to change as a result. It would be foolish and complacent to assume that we have now maxed out all the progress we can make. We need to discover our next set of lessons, which is where this review comes in.

The review is being chaired by Tim Farron and the other members of the review team are Ade Adeyemo, Paul Farthing , Donna Harris, Emma Holland-Lindsay, Mike O’Carroll and Sally Pattle. The team brings extensive experience from different perspectives, and is also made up of people who were not key decision makers on the campaign itself, so that they can properly evaluate – and hold to account – those who were.

The review has been asked to report by the end of the year, so that if there are any recommendations that need to come to Conference they can be submitted for Spring next year (subject of course to Federal Conference Committee’s decisions on the agenda). Thank you also to FCC for providing time at the Autumn Conference for the review to get feedback.

This timetable combines the need to have enough time to do a proper review, consulting with members, with moving quickly enough that related important decisions, such as over target seats, do not get unduly delayed in this Parliament.

Watch out for opportunities to submit your views to the review, including at our Autumn Federal Conference in Brighton.

Financial plans

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The August 2024 riots: an opportunity to turn a page in Britain’s flawed immigration debate

The beginning of August was a heated period in the UK (on this occasion not attributable to climate change). A weekend-long spree of violence across several towns and cities, mainly in the North of England, saw rioters attempt to set fire to hotels housing asylum-seekers and to a mosque, attack police with bricks, set up ‘checkpoints’ where non-white drivers were stopped, and abuse Muslim women by stripping off their hijabs. The pretext for these riots was misinformation about the identity of the perpetrator of a horrendous knife attack in the city of Southport which killed three young girls. As it happens, the recently-turned-18 year old man was born in Wales to Rwandan Christian parents.

On Monday morning, a message identifying offices of refugee and migrant support groups and law firms as potential targets for a concerted attack was circulated, prompting communities throughout the UK to congregate in large numbers to fend off potential attacks. Many of those prosecuted so far have been charged with violent disorder, which carries a maximum sentence of five years. The clampdown on rioters prompted a claim that it supposedly reflects ‘two tier policing’: lenient on some, harsh on other. Yet, just a week before the August riots, several ‘Just Stop Oil’ activists were sentenced to 5 years’ imprisonment for holding a zoom planning meeting for blocking the M25. Indeed the last time the UK experienced mass riots, in the summer of 2011, a certain Keir Starmer, now Prime Minister, was Director of Public Prosecutions. Those riots were prompted by the killing of a black man, Mark Duggan, by the police; on that occasion, most of those arrested, convicted, and sentenced to lengthy prison sentences were black and minority ethnic (BAME).

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So… what about women and girls?

The new Labour government is showing commendable vigour in pursuing the latest batch of racist rioters, the courts are correspondingly raising their game in rapidly hearing cases and sentencing, and sufficient prison places have been made available, so it seems that it is possible for the judicial system to work when the political will is there, a refreshing change.

 So I wonder if the government can show an equal willingness to address the longstanding outrage of women and girls not having their cases of sexual violence and rape heard in court.

Many are waiting as long as 3 years to reach court; is this fair or equitable when the racist hooligan is being dealt with in weeks? I grant this is urgent and about restoring public order, community safety and sending an unequivocal signal that racism will not be tolerated, but set against that the daily trauma suffered month after month, year after year, for women and girls living in the same community, sometimes even the same street or even the same building as their alleged sexual perpetrators, who meanwhile are free to daily harass, stalk and re-offend as they please.  

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Tom Arms’ World Review

United States

Kamala Harris, asserts Donald Trump, “is a communist.” The assertion is, of course, another blatant falsehood.

And the fact that the former president is resorting to the well-tried, but somewhat discredited, tactic of red-baiting demonstrates how desperate the Trump campaign has become since Harris took over from President Joe Biden.

Kamala Harris does have certain political beliefs and policies that run counter to those of Donald Trump, conservative voters and the Republican Party. The one that rankles most with conservatives is her support for America’s limited social safety net. Vice President Harris supports the universal retirement benefits (ie social security), Medicare (health benefits for the elderly) and Medicaid (health care for low-income Americans). She also favours abortion rights which puts her on a collision course with the evangelical right.

In European terms, such views would put Kamala Harris on the right wing of social democrats. The problem is that a large number of Americans – especially Republicans – drop the word “democrats” when talking about their allies and refer to Europeans simply as “socialists.” Furthermore, many of them wrongly equate democratic socialism with a slightly lesser form of communism.

Communism, however, is different. It promotes a classless society where all property is communally owned and the state controls the means of production. Because this system runs counter to human nature, a repressive government led by an unelected elite is require to enforce it. That is not being proposed by Kamala Harris. But hey ho, Donald Trump has never let the truth stand in the way of a good dog whistle conspiracy.

Gaza

The Gaza ceasefire talks appear to be going nowhere. According to the New York Times, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has tabled a new set of conditions which will almost certainly be rejected in Hamas who are refusing to attend talks in Qatar.

In addition, the assassination of negotiator Ismail Haniyeh has elevated hardliner Yahya Sinwar to the job. He is hiding in Hamas’s tunnel labyrinth and has said he would fight to the last Gazan.

Hanging over the ceasefire talks is the threat of Iran to retaliate for the killing of Ismail Haniyeh on Iranian soil. What that retaliation will involve is a worrying unknown, and the Iranians are keen to keep that way.

To confront the fear the Americans have ordered a nuclear-powered submarine equipped with cruise missiles to the Middle East. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin also despatched to the region a second aircraft carrier group and amphibious craft capable of landing several thousand marines. The Israeli government has told its citizens to stockpile food and water in safe rooms.

The Iranians have been briefing journalists that the one thing that would stop a retaliation would be a Gaza ceasefire. But that prospect is slipping further and further away.

The New York Times reported that this week the Netanyahu government has tabled several more conditions to the proposal they issued in May.  These include Israeli control of the Egyptian-Gaza border and a series of obstacles to the return of refugees to their homes in north Gaza. It has been reported that the new proposals are opposed by both the Israeli negotiators in Qatar and senior military people.

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Observations of an Expat: Ukraine – Shrewdness or Mistake?

Ukraine has introduced a new strategic weapon in its war with Russia. How it uses this weapon could determine the course of the conflict.

There is a heavily-defended 600 mile frontline between the Russian army in Eastern Ukraine and the Ukrainian military, grouped mainly on the western bank of the Dnieper River. Movement along this frontline has been incremental, much like the western front of World War I.

Defended by poorly-trained Russian conscripts is the 650-mile border between northeast Ukraine and the Russian oblasts of Kursk, Bryansk and Belgorod.

Ukraine’s military commander Oleksandr Syrsky has crossed a 10-mile stretch of that border to become the first military leader since World War Two to invade Russia. As of Friday, Ukrainians have established their dominance in 800-square miles of the Kursk oblast; set up a military administration in the Russian town of Sudzha and gained control of 81 other towns and villages.

General Syrsky declared: “We are here to stay.  A spokesperson for the Ukrainian foreign ministry, said: “We have no intention of staying. We will leave.”

The Syrsky stay strategy is likely to lead to failure and defeat. The diplomats’ approach contains the seeds of victory.

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ALDC by-election report, 15th August

This week saw the first principal council by-elections for a month with 3 seats being contested – one each in England, Scotland and Wales.

In Hillrise ward on the London Borough of Islington we finished a strong third with over 15% of the vote – increasing our share and jumping ahead of the Green Party compared to the previous election. Well done and thank you to our candidate Imogen Wall. Interestingly this very seat had been contested in a by-election just a few months ago in May. Labour held but with a huge fall in their vote.

Islington LBC, Hillrise
Labour: 968 (43.3%, -19.5%)
Independent: 539 (24.1%, new)
Liberal Democrats (Imogen Wall): 350 (15.7%, +2.9%)
Green Party: 322 (14.4%, -10%)
Independent: 54 (2.4%, new)

In Stirling Council we stood in the Dunblane and Bridge of Allan by-election. Thank you to Dick Moerman for standing in this vacancy. This is the third by-election in this ward since March 2023 and Dick has stood each time. A great commitment. The last time this particular seat was fought in 2022 there was no Lib Dem candidate so this is great progress. Labour held onto the seat – but relied on second preference to do so on the fifth round of counting.

Stirling Council, Dunblane and Bridge of Allan
Conservative: 1,143 (27.9%, -1,2%)
Labour: 952 (23.3%, +7.3%)
SNP: 770 (18.8%, -5.2%)
Green Party: 659 (16%, -5.5%)
Liberal Democrats (Dick Moerman): 345 (8.4%, new)
Independent: 225 (5.5%, new)

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As inflation rises again, let’s speak up for all the unheard

The latest report from the IFS this week, ‘Cheapflation and the rise of inflation inequality’, found that in the years 2020 to 2022 inflation hit the poorest hardest. Their staples such as milk, butter and pasta rose more in price in supermarkets than did higher-priced foodstuffs. They paid 29.1% more for their groceries, compared with 23.5% for better-off households. The IFS calculated that if the poorest 25% of households had faced the same inflation rate for groceries as the richest 25%, their annual food bills would have been cut by £100.

While food price inflation has reduced in the last 18 months or so (rather contrary to many people’s perception) the slight rise in general inflation, now at 2.2%, seems expected by economists to continue. That is likely to continue to affect the less well-off more than the better-off because of their need to spend a greater proportion of their income on basics, whether foodstuffs or gas and electricity.

Households with unpaid carers are among those most likely to be affected. Carers UK reported in 2022 that there may be 10.6m unpaid carers. With the cost of living crisis, the charity reported, carers were facing unprecedented pressure on their finances, with a quarter cutting back on essentials like food and heating, and 63% extremely worried about managing their monthly costs. Some 44% of working-age adults who are caring for 35 hours or more per week are in poverty, according to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation in its 2022 UK Poverty report, cited by Carers UK.

Research from the TUC reported widespread poverty among workers in the care economy a year ago. It found that 62% of childcare workers and social care workers were earning less than the real living wage. Social care workers were earning only about 65% of the median salary for all employees, £21,500 a year compared with £33,000, while child care workers only earned £18,400, 56% of the median salary.

TUC research in June this year also reported on low wage growth generally, finding that over the past 14 years, child poverty has increased by, on average, an additional 1300 children a week in households with at least one working parent. The TUC said a ‘“toxic combination” of pay stagnation, rising insecure work and cuts to social security have had a “devastating impact on family budgets”’. 

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We should resist talking about the academic/vocational divide

It’s Exam Results Day and time for my annual rant about the academic/vocational divide.

For a start, the results that have been announced today in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, are not just for A Levels, but also for a number of other Level 3 qualifications, though you could be forgiven for not noticing them. News media routinely refer to A Level Results Day, with only a cursory mention of  the other qualifications.

In fact there is a variety of Vocational Technical Qualifications at Level 3 – the equivalent of A Levels – the best known being BTEC Diplomas. Overall over 250,000 students took Level 3 VTQs this year. T levels are the latest addition to this group of qualifications, but were only taken by 7000+ students.

For context, I spent a substantial segment of my teaching career running A level and BTEC courses in Computing at a large Further Education college. I also wrote many text books for these courses and was involved in syllabus design for exam boards.

Unlike teachers in most other subjects I was in a position to compare A Level and BTEC qualifications in the same subject area. I was very aware of how students can be stretched on BTEC courses, far beyond their A level peers. In fact, one of my BTEC students was selected to represent the UK in the International Olympiad in Informatics.

Over thirty years ago I had to personally contact university admission tutors to explain what BTECs were, and persuade them to offer places to some very able students.  At one point one of the Oxford colleges offered a place to one of my BTEC students, but Imperial College gave a blanket refusal to anyone coming through that route.  In contrast one university offered BTEC Distinction students entry straight into Year 2 of a Computing degree, acknowledging the level of knowledge and skills they had already acquired.

Today Level 3 qualifications across the board are integrated into the points system used by UCAS, so students can progress to University if they wish. However some still face scepticism from University lecturers about whether they will really be able to cope at degree level.

Behind all this lies the pernicious language of “academic” versus “vocational” studies, with the underlying assumption that academic studies are somehow superior to vocational ones. This clearly has its roots in the class system and from the days when bright middle class students set their sights on “the professions” and bright working class students entered apprenticeships. This was exacerbated by a school system which divided children at the age of 11, largely on class grounds, offering very different opportunities to the different cohorts. Children were either categorised as academic or as “good with their hands”. The same bifurcation existed in higher education, where “academic” subjects, such as mathematics, were offered at prestigious universities and “vocational” subjects, such as engineering, at the less well-endowed polytechnics. Other countries have a very different culture – Germany, for example, has always held engineering in the highest regard.

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